Jewellery or jewelry[1] /ˈdʒuːəl(ə)ri/ is small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.
Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes, and the term is
restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. For many
centuries metal, often combined with gemstones,
has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as
shells and other plant materials may be used. It is one of the oldest
type of archaeological artefact – with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery.[2]
The basic forms of jewellery vary between cultures but are often
extremely long-lived; in Western cultures the most common forms of
jewellery listed above have persisted since ancient times, while other
forms such as adornments for the nose or ankle, important in other
cultues, are much less common.
Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials, but gemstones and similar materials such as amber and coral, precious metals, beads, and shells have been widely used, and enamel
has often been important. In most cultures jewellery can be understood
as a status symbol, for its material properties, its patterns, or for
meaningful symbols. Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly every body
part, from hairpins to toe rings.
The patterns of wearing jewellery between the sexes, and by children
and older people can very greatly between cultures, but adult women have
been the most consistent wearers of jewellery; in modern Western
culture the amount worn by adult males is relatively low compared with
other cultures and other periods in Western culture.
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