Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.[1][2] People are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of the person's height in metres, exceeds 30 kg/m2.[3]
Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.[2] Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness.
Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain
weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people
have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to
the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.[4][5]
Dieting and physical exercise
are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be
improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those
high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Anti-obesity drugs
may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption together with
a suitable diet. If diet, exercise and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon may assist with weight loss, or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.[6][7]
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century.[8] Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world),
though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at
other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.[2][9] In 2013, the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease.[10][11]
Source :wikipedia.org
www.mayoclinic.com
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